Sir Robert Peel

Sir Robert Peel Christina Buenrostro CJA/214 Version 2 August 5, 2010 Roy Diaz Sir Robert Peel Today the world has become a very dangerous place to live. Sometimes you can not even walk to the store without seeing a crime in progress or a crime scene investigation. Children are restricted to their home because of constant danger that goes on in their community. However, communities today have a police department assigned to protect and serve and this includes helping keep crime rates down and society incompliance with the law. Sir Robert Peel is the founder of this structure that we experience today in our communities.Sir Robert peel started his career as home secretary in 1821(Norman, 1986}. While in office he started to establish a system of preventing crimes and also reforming criminals rather then punishing them. Death penalties in minor crimes were basically abolished and criminal laws were made more humane. Robert peel reformed the goal system; he introduced a payment for gaole rs and provided education for inmates. The gaol was a jail that housed prisoners. Prison systems also were reformed and went under supervision of the central government. In the early nineteenth century the law enforcement system in London began to collapse.It had grown in to an industrial city with various problems such as poverty, disorder, ethnic conflict and experienced rising crime. Peel fought for many years to establish what we know today as the London Metropolitan Police Act of 1829. Officers were known as the â€Å"Bobbies† to honor Sir Robert Peel. The police in London introduced three elements that have become our foundation of American policing they included having a mission, strategy, and organization structure. Before the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829, officers only responded when a crime had already occurred. If a crime had appen the victims would have to seek out patrol officers. The new police mission was to try to prevent crime before it happened. This open ed the door for continuously patrolling which were referred as fixed â€Å"beats†. Officers had to maintain a visible presence through the community. This insured security for the public and their safety. The new police used strategies to help enforce the law. This included evaluating crime rates and how well their strategies were working for the police department and the community {Critchley, T. A. 1967}. Police officers in London had to gain the mutual respect of citizens.Through the departments restrained and civil conduct they were able to establish their respect. The London Metropolitan Police maintained high personal standards and was under strict supervision. The public are the eyes and ears of law enforcement and they needed to have the public on their side. Peel brought organization to American policing. Prior to Metropolitan Police Act of 1829, officers were selected only on the basis of political connections. The men generally selected were in bad health, with no e ducation, and were often criminals themselves.Some departments offered recruits as a formal per- service training but other than that you were not required to take a test once the training was completed. Peel used the organization structure from the military which included uniforms, rank designations and the authoritarian system that included command and discipline. Sir Robert Peel had nine principles that he introduced when he formed the Metropolitan Police act of 1829 that many police departments today still reflect on when enforcing the laws and serving the communities they patrol. 1. The mission for whom the law enforcement exists is to prevent crime and disorder. . The capacity of the law enforcement to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of public actions. 3. Law enforcement must secure the willing support of the community in charitable performance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. 4. The quantities of assistance of the community that can be secured reduce proportionately to the requirement of the use of bodily force. 5. Law enforcement seeks and maintains community support not by catering to community view but by constantly representing absolute fair service to the law. 6.Law enforcement utilizes physical power to the amount needed to protected observation of the law or to repair order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice, and warning is found to be inadequate. 7. Law enforcement at all times, ought to sustain a connection with the community that give realism to the historic belief that law enforcement are the community and the public are the law enforcement; the law enforcement being only members of the community who are salaried to give full- time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community wellbeing and existence. 8.Law enforcement should communicate every action strictly toward their function and never appear to take over the powers of the jud iciary. 9. The examination of law enforcement good union is nonappearance of crime or disorder, not the noticeable proof of police action in settling it. Enclosure these principles have shaped America Law Enforcement agencies. They have helped the communities trust the officers and have come to rely on their services. There is still a lot of issues that need to be addressed in Law Enforcement , but Sir Robert Peel laid the foundation for all the work.References Critchley, T. A. 1967} Evaluating Police Strategies A History of Police in England and Wales. London: Constable {Whig account} Retrieved from University Of Phoenix Student Library http://www. credoreference. com/entry/willanpolicing/metropolitan_police_new_police Norman Gash, Sir Robert Peel: the life of Sir Peel after 1830, London; Longman, 1986 Retrieved from www. novelguilde. com www. nha. org/sites/oldgaol. html www. newwestpolice. org References This is a hanging indent. To keep the hanging indent format, simply delete t his line of text using the backspace key, and replace the information with your reference entry. Sir Robert Peel During the research of Sir Robert Peel’s position on policing to the varied needs of contemporary society, it was revealed that police departments currently use the nine principles that Peel established in 1829. These principles are used as a foundation for the police to prevent crime and also to preserve a positive relationship with the community. It will be explained how Peel’s policing and principles are being utilized in the modern era and also show his position on policing. In 1829 Sir Robert Peel formed the Metropolitan Police while serving as Secretary of England.Peel stated â€Å"The key to policing is that the police are the people and that the people are the police† (Law Enforcement: Robert Peels Concept, 1829). Community policing is derived from Peel’s concept of prevention and has been clung to by many law enforcement organizations across the United States. Community policing requires investing in training with special regard to problem analysi s and problem solving, facilitation, community organization and other various dedicated training. The development of modern day policing has had many unsuccessful attempts and fake starts since the early nineteenth century.While Peel’s principles stand for an idealized vision of police movements, it has been known to serve as a stepping stone for contemporary law enforcement and criminologists. The impression of community policing can be credited to Sir Robert Peel in the logic that his principles have formed the core values of community relations. Peel created the police force, also known as â€Å"bobbies† or territorial police forces. The beginning of â€Å"beats† was first performed by bobbies as a formal patrol. Enforcement agencies still have police patrolling the streets with the purpose of preventing crime and making neighborhoods safe.Peel’s philosophy and community policing share the same concepts and goals in policing. One of the different simil arities between Peel’s advance and community policing is that prevention of crime is the main concern within our society. The assumption is that crime prevention is a duty that the community and police should share ownership of. Community policing and team policing is rooted in the idea that the traditional officer will bring the police and the community closer together and also maintain the professional model. When the police are dealing with the different communities and cultures, there must be a mutual feeling between them.The shared feeling can be classified as a sense of security and trust within each other. It was stated by Peel that having the public’s support and collaboration are the basis for five of his principles of effective policing. â€Å"The ability of the police to perform their duties is reliant upon public approval of police actions and they must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to uphold res pect for the public. In our diverse society, police must understand the different cultures that make up the communities that they patrol (Law Enforcement: Robert Peels Concept, 1829).When a community has little or no respect towards the police, they are more likely going to pay no heed to the request or demands of the officers and force officers to use excessive force in order to gain control of the situation. An example of this would be the Los Angeles riots that took place back in 1992, when four officers were acquitted for the beating of Rodney King. This became a great upset to the public and therefore caused riots. The issue was so awful that police officers had to put on S. W. A. T gear and try to get control of the livid crowd.Nearly 2,000 people were injured and 53 were killed. The police department must examine and avoid such mistakes from being made in community policing. Another type of mistake that can cause troubles with community policing would be budget cuts within de partments. Some officers often take side jobs to compensate for their salary cuts and thus create a lack of integrity and â€Å"dirty† cops. People depend on officers to help the streets and neighborhoods be much safer but with cutbacks, being able to provide that protection could be difficult.Society cannot afford to be defenseless with everything that is going on in the world today. Sir Robert Peel’s principles of policing have facilitated modern day policing by gaining the public’s trust to feel comfortable enough to call local law enforcement when assistance is needed. Community policing has been a most important focus in law enforcement because of the crime rate within the diverse communities. With the community and the police officers functioning together, crime rates would decline and the streets would be much safer. Sir Robert Peel established that police and the community are equivalent in terms of efficient policing.References Larrabee, A. K. (2007). L aw Enforcement: Sir Robert Peel. Associated Content. Retrieved from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/435980/law_enforcement_sir_robert_peels_con cept. html Patterson, J. (2010). Community Policing: Learning the Lessons of History. Retrieved from http://www. lectlaw. com/files/cjs07. htm Nazemi, S. (2008). Sir Robert Peel’s Nine Principals of Policing. Retrieved from http://www. lacp. org/2009-Articles-Main/062609-Peels9Principals-SandyNazemi. htm Sir Robert Peel Sir Robert Peel Christina Buenrostro CJA/214 Version 2 August 5, 2010 Roy Diaz Sir Robert Peel Today the world has become a very dangerous place to live. Sometimes you can not even walk to the store without seeing a crime in progress or a crime scene investigation. Children are restricted to their home because of constant danger that goes on in their community. However, communities today have a police department assigned to protect and serve and this includes helping keep crime rates down and society incompliance with the law. Sir Robert Peel is the founder of this structure that we experience today in our communities.Sir Robert peel started his career as home secretary in 1821(Norman, 1986}. While in office he started to establish a system of preventing crimes and also reforming criminals rather then punishing them. Death penalties in minor crimes were basically abolished and criminal laws were made more humane. Robert peel reformed the goal system; he introduced a payment for gaole rs and provided education for inmates. The gaol was a jail that housed prisoners. Prison systems also were reformed and went under supervision of the central government. In the early nineteenth century the law enforcement system in London began to collapse.It had grown in to an industrial city with various problems such as poverty, disorder, ethnic conflict and experienced rising crime. Peel fought for many years to establish what we know today as the London Metropolitan Police Act of 1829. Officers were known as the â€Å"Bobbies† to honor Sir Robert Peel. The police in London introduced three elements that have become our foundation of American policing they included having a mission, strategy, and organization structure. Before the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829, officers only responded when a crime had already occurred. If a crime had appen the victims would have to seek out patrol officers. The new police mission was to try to prevent crime before it happened. This open ed the door for continuously patrolling which were referred as fixed â€Å"beats†. Officers had to maintain a visible presence through the community. This insured security for the public and their safety. The new police used strategies to help enforce the law. This included evaluating crime rates and how well their strategies were working for the police department and the community {Critchley, T. A. 1967}. Police officers in London had to gain the mutual respect of citizens.Through the departments restrained and civil conduct they were able to establish their respect. The London Metropolitan Police maintained high personal standards and was under strict supervision. The public are the eyes and ears of law enforcement and they needed to have the public on their side. Peel brought organization to American policing. Prior to Metropolitan Police Act of 1829, officers were selected only on the basis of political connections. The men generally selected were in bad health, with no e ducation, and were often criminals themselves.Some departments offered recruits as a formal per- service training but other than that you were not required to take a test once the training was completed. Peel used the organization structure from the military which included uniforms, rank designations and the authoritarian system that included command and discipline. Sir Robert Peel had nine principles that he introduced when he formed the Metropolitan Police act of 1829 that many police departments today still reflect on when enforcing the laws and serving the communities they patrol. 1. The mission for whom the law enforcement exists is to prevent crime and disorder. . The capacity of the law enforcement to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of public actions. 3. Law enforcement must secure the willing support of the community in charitable performance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. 4. The quantities of assistance of the community that can be secured reduce proportionately to the requirement of the use of bodily force. 5. Law enforcement seeks and maintains community support not by catering to community view but by constantly representing absolute fair service to the law. 6.Law enforcement utilizes physical power to the amount needed to protected observation of the law or to repair order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice, and warning is found to be inadequate. 7. Law enforcement at all times, ought to sustain a connection with the community that give realism to the historic belief that law enforcement are the community and the public are the law enforcement; the law enforcement being only members of the community who are salaried to give full- time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community wellbeing and existence. 8.Law enforcement should communicate every action strictly toward their function and never appear to take over the powers of the jud iciary. 9. The examination of law enforcement good union is nonappearance of crime or disorder, not the noticeable proof of police action in settling it. Enclosure these principles have shaped America Law Enforcement agencies. They have helped the communities trust the officers and have come to rely on their services. There is still a lot of issues that need to be addressed in Law Enforcement , but Sir Robert Peel laid the foundation for all the work.References Critchley, T. A. 1967} Evaluating Police Strategies A History of Police in England and Wales. London: Constable {Whig account} Retrieved from University Of Phoenix Student Library http://www. credoreference. com/entry/willanpolicing/metropolitan_police_new_police Norman Gash, Sir Robert Peel: the life of Sir Peel after 1830, London; Longman, 1986 Retrieved from www. novelguilde. com www. nha. org/sites/oldgaol. html www. newwestpolice. org References This is a hanging indent. To keep the hanging indent format, simply delete t his line of text using the backspace key, and replace the information with your reference entry.

The Most Popular Essay Samples for University Admission

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Prisoners Sexual Aggression And Rape Among People

Prisoner-on-prisoner sexual aggression and rape among people in prison is a serious issue with a longstanding history. Trauma histories and institutional violence are two serious problems faced by a multitude of women currently in prison. Women’s prisons have a high rate of institutional violence, with inmates being both victims and perpetrators of sexual assault. More U.S. women are currently incarcerated than ever before. In fact, it was found that the rate of increase of incarceration among females is actually greater than that of males in many different classes of crimes (Brown, 2011). Three of the ten U.S. prisons with the highest rates of inmate-reported sexual violence were actually women s prisons, with 10.8% of inmates at an Indiana prison, 10.3% at a California prison, and 9.5% at a Texas prison reported being sexually victimized while incarcerated (Beck Harrison, 2008). This research shows that female inmate-on-inmate violence tends to be less than that among male inmates, but rates are still high enough to warrant concern. For example, Beck, Harrison, and Adams (2007) found that female inmates were the victims in 18% of all alleged cases of inmate-on-inmate sexual violence reported by prison authorities in 2006. The prevalence of prisoner-on-prisoner sexual violence has been documented through a 2007 national survey that provided estimates of sexual violence from a large sample size of more than 20,000 inmates. For a 12-month period, it was estimated thatShow MoreRelated Prison Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesaggressive sexual act known as inmate rape. The fight against rape in our communities is doomed to failure and will continue so as long as it ignores the network of training grounds for rapists: our prisons, jails and reform schools. 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Letters to Birmingham Analysis - 1728 Words

Over the course of â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† (1963), the author, Martin Luther King Jr., makes extended allusions to multiple philosophers, among them Aquinas and Socrates. His comparison would seem to indicate that he shares an affinity with them. However, the clarity with which he makes his arguments and the dedication to a single premise strikes most strongly of Kant. Just as Kant’s magnum opus, Critique of Pure Reason, attempted to completely upend a previously accepted mode of thought, so also was King’s work devoted to a single objective: the protection of civil disobedience as a form of protest such that the Civil Rights Movement could continue in uncompromised form. Despite this singularity of purpose, the complexity of the†¦show more content†¦King says,â€Å"We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was ‘legal’ and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was ‘illegal.â€℠¢ It was ‘illegal’ to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler’s Germany. Even so, I am sure that, had I lived in Germany at the time, I would have aided and comforted my Jewish brothers.† Here he establishes a powerful example of an unjust law (how it was illegal to aid a Jewish person in Germany during Hitler’s rule), and how he would have reacted to it (giving aid to his â€Å"Jewish brothers†). This tosses the ball back into the clergymen’s court – implying that they should think about what they would have done. It is assumed that as good Christians, they would have given aid to any person in need. He draws a correlation to the atrocities committed against the Jews to the atrocities committed against African Americans in America – though on a much smaller scale, the situations can be considered similar, with unjust laws bringing about violence and deaths. King forces the clergymen to think about the morally correct course of ac tion. Martin Luther King then justifies his fight for an â€Å"extremist† cause by providing specific examples of other historical â€Å"extremist† causes that actually brought about changes for the better. He says, â€Å"Was not Jesus an extremist for love†¦ was not Amos an extremist for justice.. was not Paul an extremist for theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail1074 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Letter from Birmingham Jail Martin Luther King Jr. In 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. was serving a prison sentence in a jail in Birmingham, Alabama for nonviolently protesting through sit ins and marches.. 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As a matter of fact, this letter is coming from the people in the Birmingham jail, stating their inner thoughtsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Letter from Birmingham Jail1517 Words   |  7 PagesPonder Eng291-001 13 September 2013 Rhetorical Analysis Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† by Martin Luther King, Jr., is a letter in which King is writing to his â€Å"fellow clergymen† in a response to their recent criticism of the actions he was leading in Birmingham at the time. The letter was written in April of 1963, a time when segregation was essentially at a peak in the south. Birmingham, in particular, is described by King as â€Å"probablyRead MoreCritical Analysis: Letter from Birmingham Jail1191 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Analysis Essay â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† In arguing, writers use different techniques to effectively convey their message to their intended audience. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail was a response to A Call for Unity by eight white clergymen in which King’s presence in Birmingham and his methods of public demonstration were questioned. King’s letter was not only a response to his presence in Birmingham, but he also used the opportunity to address theRead MoreAnalysis of Letter From Birmingham Jail773 Words   |  4 Pagesperceptive to his message. Though King pierces the heart of his audience by pinpointing their patriotism and value of family relations, he also provides his targets of persuasion with a more comfortable and enticing appeal. Throughout King’s letter there are numerous alliterations, each serves the same purpose of augmenting his argument. King states â€Å"When you have seen hate-filled policemen curse, kick, and even kill your black brothers and sisters. The hard â€Å"c† or â€Å"k† sound reinforces theRead MoreAnalysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail1542 Words   |  7 Pagesto defend yourself? 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Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their thus saith the Lord far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedomRead MoreAnalysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail1197 Words   |  5 PagesDr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"A Letter From Birmingham Jail,† depicts the fight for equality by African Americans during the civil rights movement. In this letter, King uses tone, rhetorical questions, and allusions to discuss the racial segregation sweeping the nation. King’s letter is a response to â€Å"A Call For Unity,† a condemning message written by eight white clergymen who frowned upon the peaceful protests conducted by many African Americans. Although Dr. King i s presently seen as an American

Biological Effect of Radiation Free Essays

EFFECTS OF RADIATION Background Radiation is all around us. It is naturally present in our environment and has been since the birth of this planet. Consequently, life has evolved in an environment which has significant levels of ionizing radiation. We will write a custom essay sample on Biological Effect of Radiation or any similar topic only for you Order Now It comes from outer space (cosmic), the ground (terrestrial), and even from within our own bodies. It is present in the air we breathe, the food we eat, the water we drink, and in the construction materials used to build our homes. Certain foods such as bananas and brazil nuts naturally contain higher levels of radiation than other foods. Brick and stone homes have higher natural radiation levels than homes made of other building materials such as wood. Our nation’s Capitol, which is largely constructed of granite, contains higher levels of natural radiation than most homes. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | How does radiation have an impact on health? Too much radiation, like too much of anything, is harmful. We know about this harm from research and from accidents, and from the effects of the two atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945. The effects can range from mild gastrointestinal problems (such as nausea and vomiting) to changes in the blood, to damage to the central nervous system. Too little radiation, likewise, is also harmful. The world’s flora and fauna, including human beings, have grown up in a radioactive environment. We know from research in which organisms have been shielded from everyday radiation that their growth is stunted. We also know it from comparing populations that receive different levels of radiation because of their location. Often, the populations receiving the most radiation are healthier and suffer fewer cancers. In between these extremes, it is usual to protect workers when they work in industries that use sources of radiation. Radioactive materials decay spontaneously to produce ionising radiation, which has the capacity to cause significant damage to the body’s internal chemistry, breaking the chemical bonds between the atoms and molecules that make up our tissues. Damage to the DNA of a cell is particularly important. The body responds by trying to repair this damage, but at high doses it is too severe or widespread to make repair possible, leading to short-term acute health effects. There is also a danger of mistakes in the natural DNA repair process, which can lead in the long-term to cancer. Regions of the body that are most vulnerable to acute radiation damage include the cells lining the intestine and stomach, and the blood-cell producing cells in the bone marrow. The extent of the damage caused is dependent on how long people are exposed to radiation, and at what level. These can include smaller head or brain size, poorly formed eyes, slow growth and severe learning difficulties. . | | COMMON RADIOISOTOPES AND THEIR USES Americium-241: Used in many smoke detectors for homes and businesses to measure levels of toxic lead in dried paint samples, to ensure uniform thickness in rolling processes like steel and paper production, and to help determine where oil wells should be drilled Cadmium-109: Used to analyze metal alloys for checking stock and sorting scrap Calcium-47: Aid to biomedical researchers studying the cell function and bone formation of mammals. Californium-252: Used to measure the mineral content of coal ash and to measure the moisture of materials stored in silos Carbon-14: Used in research to ensure that potential new drugs are metabolized without forming harmful by-products. Cesium-137: Used to treat cancers; to calibrate the equipment used to measure correct patient dosages of radioactive pharmaceuticals; to measure and control the liquid flow in oil pipelines; to tell researchers whether oil wells are plugged by sand; and to ensure the right fill level for packages of food, drugs and other products. The products in these packages do not become radioactive. ) Chromium-51: Used in research in red blood cell survival studies. Cobalt-57: Used in nuclear medicine to help physicians interpret diagnostic scans of patients’ organs, and to diagnose pernicious anemia. Cobalt-60: Used to sterilize surgical instruments; to improve the safety and reliability of industrial fuel oil burners; and to preserve poultry, fruits and spices. Copper-67: When injected with monoclonal antibodies into a cancer patient, helps the antibodies bind to and destroy the tumor Curium-244: Used in mining to analyze material excavated from pits and slurries from drilling operations. Iodine-123: Widely used to diagnose thyroid disorders. Iodine-129: Used to check some radioactivity counters in vitro diagnostic testing laboratories. Iodine-131: Used to diagnose and treat thyroid disorders Iridium-192: Used to test the integrity of pipeline welds, boilers and aircraft parts. Iron-55: Used to analyze electroplating solutions. Krypton-85: Used in indicator lights in appliances like clothes washers and dryers, stereos and coffeemakers; to gauge the thickness of thin plastics, sheet metal, rubber, textiles and paper; and to measure dust and pollutant levels. Nickel-63: Used to detect explosives and as voltage regulators and current surge protectors in electronic devices Phosphorus-32: Used in molecular biology IN MEDICINE Radioisotopes have found extensive use in diagnosis and therapy, and this has given rise to a rapidly growing field called nuclear medicine. These radioactive isotopes have proven particularly effective as tracers in certain diagnostic procedures. As radioisotopes are identical chemically with stable isotopes of the same element, they can take the place of the latter in physiological processes. Moreover, because of their radioactivity, they can be readily traced even in minute quantities with such detection devices as gamma-ray spectrometers and proportional counters. How to cite Biological Effect of Radiation, Essay examples

Nature And The Importance of The Operational Management

Questions: ScenarioFurniture Supplier company who provides finished good to leading furniture retailers are reviewing their management of operations and would like to investigate new ideas which can be implemented to improve efficiency and effectiveness of their business.Task 1Write a report focusing on operations functions, Strategic operation management, Organisation of operation process and planning and control in operation. This report should include, An explanation of why operations management is important for organisations Analyse the operations functions of a selected organisation Evaluation, by using a process model, of the operations management of a selected organisation An explanation of the three Es (economy, efficiency and effectiveness) An explanation of the tension between cost minimisation and quality maximisation Evaluation of the significance of the five performance objectives cost; dependability; flexibility; quality and speed that underpin operations management Task 2 Deve lop a set of process documents with explanation to assess and evaluate effective operations management at the furniture supplier company. Explain linear programming and evaluate critical path analysis and network planning Evaluate critical path analysis and network planning Explain the need for operational planning and control in producing a furniture Design and discuss possible layouts for producing furniture and clearly define operational outcomes. Produce a network plan and indicate the resultant critical path for any design process of the company Identify approaches can be used for project management and quality control in sales, stock or purchases process Answers: Introduction: Operation management is the majority concern for any organization not considering of its procedure as well as duration. At the same time this is also concerned regarding the scheming as well as conniving of the production process (AtwahAl-ma'aitah, 2013). In order to understand the operational management process in business context, a particular business scenario is considered here, where a restaurant chain is operating its business in London (Ahmed et al., 2014). To ensure their operational success, various context of operation management is considered too. So, this report provides information about the company background, resources, production process, its decision-making process, marketing strategy, management structure, financial analysis, restaurant marketing, etc to assess the success of its operation in location. The restaurant that is being highlighted in this report is Bread Street Kitchen that is located at the heart of the city of London in the United Kingdom. It is basically located at the bread street area and runs successfully. As the business is growing steadily and at a greater pace, the organizational management plans to review its operation process for sustainability aspect in the London city. The restaurant premises would be quite big, a total of 130 square feet. 1. Understanding the nature and the importance of the Operational Management Explanation on the importance of the Operations Management for Organization According toMeng (2012), operation management is all about harmonizing the internal as well as the external obtainable resources following a specific method that it look like capable to convince the organizational goals in the long run. In the contemporary time frame, majority of the organizations are intended to attain the effectiveness as well as efficiency inside their business procedure. As a consequence, the most important objective of the operation management is led to enhance the procedure that augment the organizational competence to make use of its resources for attaining the production effectiveness. So, it is true that operation management is the amalgamation of all the other subdivisions inside the organizational structure. Figure 1: Importance of Operational management (Ahmed et al., 2014) Analysis of Operations Functions of Bread Street Kitchen Any business to take a firm decision regarding any business venture, it needs to undergo a series of steps like firstly, problem recognition, secondly search process, thirdly evaluation of alternatives, selecting stage, and finally evaluation of decision. The organization mentioned here must initiate the process of decision making with the initial step of problem recognition where it needs to identify all the objectives and aims in the corporate context (Ahmed et al., 2014). For the Bread Street Kitchen, the problem lies in the fact that the organization aims to sustain itself in London through enhancing its operation process. For this, it needs to identify all requisites. The second process states that the search process needs to be conducted significantly. This step involves conducting a market research as well as gathering all related information. Information provides the basic foundation for organizational growth and success. Evaluation of alternatives includes identifying and th en trying out all alternatives to select the best opportunity. Once the best approach has been selected, it is implemented and evaluated. Effective monitoring is to be conducted to maintain the stable position. Evaluation of the Operations Management through process model Input: The Bread Street Kitchen restaurant would adopt a forma restaurant form, in which the major products to be provided include various types of continental foods, pizzas, burgers, sandwiches, and even beverages like tea, coffee, soft drinks and fruit juices (Qur'an, 2009). Conversion: The freezer, microwave, coffee machines, dishwasher, and all necessary electronic equipment would be sourced from Comet, whereby a business membership account is to be created. All catering equipment like plates, trays, spoons, forks, bowls, etc would be sourced from Makro, which sells various wholesale food items to different small or big businesses. All food ingredients that would be required in huge amount on a regular basis would be sourced from supermarkets, since they offer considerable discount for business owners. Not all food items would be prepared in house. Rather, to avoid any sort of delay or confusion, the organization would be preparing some of the food items that it specializes in and some other items like sandwiches, burgers, pizzas would be source from retailers that specialize in the very products (Ogbogu, 2013). This idea of buying food items from wholesalers on a regular basis would allow the organization to retain the maximum profits with itself by outsourcing t he harder part of the job and retaining the easier part to earn and retain maximum profits. All continental food items would be prepared by exotic chefs within its premises. Figure: The process Model Monitoring: As the restaurant is high rated and expensive the target customers belong to the higher class of the society. These are the potential customers (Ng, 2004). The location of the restaurant is on the roadside of an extremely busy street with several big companies and workmen around to visit the restaurant at any part of the day. Also, being one of the busiest roads of London, the location is ideal as several passers-by pass the street every day. An analysis showed that there are no such big restaurants or coffee shops in the vicinity around. So, one at the location would make it an ideal place for people to visit. Opportunity exists for such a restaurant to grow at the region, since not many restaurants are located at the specific area (AtwahAl-ma'aitah, 2013). Direct competition is quite low in the industry that is usually highly competitive. Some of the shops or cafeterias that are a bit distant to the location may impose a threat if the restaurant is not well maintained to attract cu stomers. Output: The overall services that the Bread Street Kitchen would provide would be hospitality services, whereby customers would be arriving and relax themselves with tasty food and refreshing drinks. Apart from wooden chairs there would be sofas arranged in a circular manner to add to the beauty of the restaurant interior (Coughlan, 2005). The atmosphere would be enhanced with music of all genres. 2. Understanding the link between Operation Management and Strategic Planning Three Es Explanation Economic: The economic aspect of operation management mainly revolves around how well the organization able to maintain its stand point in the market place in terms of providing less expensive but quality product. In this specific context, for Bread Street Kitchen, thus it is become very much essential aspect to provide less expensive foods with maintaining the quality aspect. Research about the income level of UK citizen, where 50 people is considered as the sample shows that the average income range of the UK citizens [40% of the total citizens] revolves around just above the 50,000 per month, which suggests that the target group of Bread Street Kitchen restaurants will be middle class people. The higher class people earning more than 80,000 and above 5, 00,000 are 10% hence the food products should be priced keeping in mind the income level of the mass population. Now, this helps the researcher to understand the income level and the purchasing power of the citizens. So, the prices of the f ood items need to be made in accordance to the purchasing power of the citizens. Efficiency: Efficiency is other important aspect of operation management, which explores how well the organization maintains its operation to fulfill the demand of its customer. Here, the efficiency of the Bread Street Kitchen can be measured in terms of how many times customers visits the restaurant. The survey showed around 50%of the customers opined they visit the restaurants twice in a month which means that the services of the restaurant are hugely availed in UK. Further, to measure the efficiency of the organization, the researcher tried to analyze the taste and choices preference of the customers and whether the organization capable to provide such kind of food items. In this specific, context, research showed that around 55% of the customers opined that they prefer non vegetarian meals with diverse opportunities for dishes provided by the Bread Street Kitchen. However only 10 % of the selected customer opined that they prefers vegetarian and organic meals provided by the Bread Street Kitchen. Hence this will help the management of the restaurant to understand the priority rate of the items and also will be able to price the items accordingly. Effective: Finally, the aspect effective in operation management is also playing similar role like other cases. In case of the Bread Street Kitchen, in order to measure the effectiveness following two questions were asked to selected customers: Q1] How much are you willing to spend for the type of food you like? Q2] Which of the following price package are you willing to opt for in restaurant? Below is the details answer of these two questions: For question 1: Options No of respondents Total respondents Response % 200 - 400 10 50 20% 500 - 700 30 50 60% 800 - 1000 5 50 10% More than 1000 5 50 10% Table: Willing to spend For question 2: Options No of respondents Total respondents Response % Single meals 12 50 24% Combo meals 18 50 35% Discounted meals 10 50 21% Meals with free items 10 50 20% Table: Package willing to opt On being asked about the price range of the food products in a restaurant the customers were of the opinion that around 60% of them will pay around 500 to 700. This shows that the customers prefer the low pricing strategy. The management of the restaurant should thus adopt a low pricing strategy so that they can capture the market initially and increase the price gradually. On the other hand, the second question shows the preference for the type of meals along with the price. Around 35 % of the customers prefer combo meals because they give value for money. 24 % prefers having single meals although the cost for same will be high and 21 % prefer having discounted meals which are present in the restaurants during happy hours or occasional offers. So, based on two above situation, it can be said that the organization is effective enough to sustain its operation in the London city in the long run. Explanation on the tension between the cost and quality maximization While sustainability of the operation of any particular business organization is taken for consideration, then it can be said that both cost and quality of service must be taken care of. Now, if the contemporary scenario of the UK is considered here, then it can be found that the UK restaurant industry is presently worth over 40 billion and around 90% of the customers engage themselves in the habit of eating out at any time of the day (Sandler, 2013). Over the years the majority growth percentage has been noticed in the pub restaurant sector with a growth rate of 80%. IN the recent years from 2013 the restaurants have started including s new health trend within their food items by introducing ingredients like beans, dark green vegetables, salmon, soya, walnuts, yoghurt, blueberries etc (Turner, 2012). Figure: Growth rate of different restaurants in UK (Source: Jamaluddin and Dickie, 2011, pp- 65) On the other hand, if the turnover of major business chain is considered here, then it can be found that in total, the top restaurant chains in UK accounts for around 7.3 billion revenue of the country. Wetherspoon being the first traditional pub chain is the second largest restaurant chain in UK to record high customer satisfaction level as well as high turnover (Miller, 2012). Figure: Turnover of the major restaurants in UK (Source: Maxwell et al. 2011, pp35) This clearly indicates that there exists a tension between cost and quality of the service in this specific market place. So, it becomes very much apparent that both cost as well as quality will be the key to attain success in long term operation for Bread Street Kitchen. Evaluation of the five performance objectives Cost: The costing strategy to be adopted by the Bread Street Kitchen would be based upon the entire strategy of the organization is to target higher, middle, and also low income earners as per the demographic distribution. The restaurant would aim at providing much affordable food and drinks. So, the products would not be priced too high that may deter customers. Also, it would not be priced too low that it may render the firm with loss. On account of the broad based generic product strategy that the firms aims to adopt, it would take up a value based pricing strategy, whereby the price of each item that is offered may be based upon how much the firm believes its customers in the region are ready to pay. The Bread Street Kitchen intended to adopt some of the most effective pricing tactics for all its ranges of products. Quality: Quality aspect is to be adopted for all its special food items and those that the restaurant excels in. These will be mostly based upon the product that is offered by market competition. Although the product of the Bread Street Kitchen restaurant would be bit cheaper, still much emphasis would be given to preparing and ordering food items of higher quality and taste. The strategy of cost-plus pricing would be adopted for all the products like sandwiches, cakes, pizzas, burgers that are sourced from external means (Ritter, 2006). The prices would be marked up for all those products, which will support to maintain the quality aspect. Finally, pricing of market orientation may be used for food items especially during lunch or dinner. The firm expects to attract a huge mass of customers and the policy of pricing all products effectively would enable its strategies. Dependability: As the firm engages in the hospitality services, it needs to be careful about the fact that everything has to be properly placed and the atmosphere of the restaurant has to be excessively soothing and comfortable. Since the business would be run as a sole trade, the firm would be headed by the owner in presence of the store manager. Speed: The store manager would be responsible for supervising that the entire store is working effectively to achieve its desired goals. For hospitality services towards customers, there would be ground staffs and waiters to assist in satisfying customers (Coughlan, 2005). Other management members would include supervisor or assistant who would enable procurement of supplies as well as running of the shop. Flexibility: There would a staff supervisor who would be guiding all staffs to offer better services to the customers. Store assistants will be appointed to act as the main contact point for the customers. They would be responsible for receiving orders as well as to attend all needs of the customers. 3. Understanding on how to organize a typical production process Explanation on Linear Programming Use of linear programming supports the business organization to maximize the revenue of the operation in terms of minimizing the expenses. This particular technique is employed mainly because of the fact that it supports the business to consider all the constraints of operation. Within the specific limitation, how much production will efficient enough to attain maximum revenue can be measured through this technique. Critical Path analysis and Network Planning Network planning helps to reduce the complexity of task. In this study, implementation of TQM within the existing supply chain system of the furniture company, network diagram will give the time of the project which will help in scheduling of the project. Below are the details of the network plan for the selected business organization. Figure 3: Gantt chart (Source: Created by author) Network diagram: Activity Description of activity Duration of activity 1-2 Formation of team 4 months 1-3 Surveys for market research 12 months 3-4 Market research results analysis 5 months 2-4 Investment for expansion in London 13 months 3-5 Plan implementation 15 months 4-5 Project completion 3 months Table 1: network diagram table (Source: created by author) Figure 4: network diagram (Source: Created by author) Explanation on the need for operational planning and control From the above discussion, it can be concluded that despite some of the available threats for the firm in the market, there are several scopes for the company to result in increased profitability and sustainability. Direct competition is quite low in the industry that is usually highly competitive. Some of the shops or cafeterias that are a bit distant to the location may impose a threat if the restaurant is not well maintained to attract customers. What is mostly needed is proper planning and control of operational activities. The overall services that the Bread Street Kitchen would provide would be hospitality services, whereby customers would be arriving and relax themselves with tasty food and refreshing drinks. 4. Relevant techniques to the production of an operational plan for organization Operational outcomes for the selected restaurant It is noted that being a representative of the hospitality industry, the organization needs to set in motion with pre-assessment of its procedure to provide service towards the customer, followed by the supplier evaluation as well as the operational outcomes assessment. Below are the essential operational outcomes for the selected business organization: Operational planning Conversions Expected benefit Forecasting demand The demand for the particular food is forecasted by the company as well as assesses the demand of the product and accordingly orders the raw material for the food. High Assemble stock Assembling the stock such as groceries, freezer, microwave, coffee machines, dishwasher, and all necessary electronic equipment, etc low Shorting Here, all the necessary raw materials like groceries will be shorted. Low Monitoring and using adhesive and various other materials Freezer, microwave, coffee machines, dishwasher, and all necessary electronic equipment, etc are to be well monitored. High Checking the quality Quality controller check the quality by assessing the test, freshness, organic foods, hygiene factors (Trietsch and Baker, 2012). High Inventory The raw materials like groceries are to be well maintained so that no raw materials stayed long time in the inventory, as this will lead to damage of raw materials. Low Supply to customer Here, all the prepared food will be served towards the customer according to their order. Medium Network plan and critical path analysis Considering the above mentioned network diagram, it is noted that the total completion period is 28 months. Further, 1, 2, 4 and 5 will be the critical activity here. Quality management techniques: There are several aspects that can be utilized to enhance the quality aspect of service provide by Bread Street Kitchen. Taken for example, selection of just in time (JIT) approach will reduce the damages of raw materials as well as finished food products. On the other hand total quality management (TQM) or implementation of ERP system will support to enhance overall success of the operation. Reference list Adair, J. (2010).Decision making and problem solving strategies. London: Kogan Page. Biddle, J. and Emmett, R. (2011).Research in the history of economic thought and methodology. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Birt, J. (2012).Accounting. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley and Sons Australia. Black, K. (2010).Business statistics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. 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(2009) Relationship marketing: It all happens here and now! Marketing Theory, 3(1), pp. 167-169 Hllgren, M. (2012). The construction of research questions in project management.International Journal of Project Management, 30(7), pp.804-816. Ho, C. (2010) Crisis decision making. 1st ed. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Jain, L. and Chee, P. (2010).Handbook on decision making. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Jamaluddin, A. and Dickie, C. (2011). Decision-making Related to Business Growth: Malay Small Businesses in Selangor.IJBM, 6(10). Kim, G. (2014). Applying Service Profit Chain model to the Korean restaurant industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, pp.1-13. Lewis, D. (2013). DECISION MAKING IN COMPLEX SITUATIONS.Business Strategy Review, 24(4), pp.37-40. Maxwell, A., Jeffrey, S. and Lvesque, M. (2011). Business angel early stage decision making.Journal of Business Venturing, 26(2), pp.212-225. Meng, X. (2012). 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Nash equilibrium strategies of generating companies (Gencos) in the simultaneous operation of active and reactive power market, with considering voltage stability margin.Energy Conversion and Management, 65, pp.292-298. Struwig, C., Ruthven, G. and Von Leipzig, K. (2013). The application of design criteria for locating a hub configured supply chain for a restaurant cluster in the Stellenbosch area.Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management, 7(1). Sukarma, L. (2014). Enhancing Firm Competitiveness through Concurrent Implementation of TQM, JIT and TPM.AMM, 660, pp.976-982. Sukarma, L. (2014). The Critical Role of TQM, JIT, and TPM in the Revisiting World Class Manufacturing and Manufacturing Excellence.AMM, 660, pp.959-965. Turner, R. (2012). International Journal of Project Management, Editorial January 2012.International Journal of Project Management, 30(1), p.1. Wankhade, L. and Dabade, B. (2006). TQM with quality perception: a system dynamics approach.The TQM Magazine, 18(4), pp.341-357. Wong, W., Han, B., Ferreira, L., Zhu, X. and Sun, Q. (2002). Evaluation of management strategies for the operation of high-speed railways in China.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 36(3), pp.277-289. Yang, C. (2003). The establishment of a TQM system for the health care industry.The TQM Magazine, 15(2), pp.93-98.

Marriage Essay Example Marriage in Britain - Bestessay4u

Marriage in Britain Britain has become a highly metropolitan region over the last century (Hooper-Greenhill, 1999). In this paper, I will shed light on the ethnographic trends of marriage in Britain. In order to do so, I will make use of my personal experiences that I have had during my time in Britain. I had always been interesting in learning about new cultures since I was a child. But perhaps no experience was as amazing as that which I got from coming to Britain. It took me a little time to make some friends, but I was eventually able to develop a vast circle of friends. With the passage of time, I had the opportunity to attend the weddings of a few of my friends and associates. Little did I know that the experience of attending marriages in the Britain brings far more diversity than one would expect. I was able to see attend Jewish wedding ceremonies, Hindu wedding ceremonies and even Muslim wedding ceremonies amongst others. It felt a little strange at first but then I realized that the metropolitan culture of Britain has developed to a point where the incidence of I clearly recall that there was one occasion on which I heard that a couple had eloped and gone into the next town to stay until their families were willing to accept their marriage. I felt a bit strange at first but then I noticed that the people around me were not even half as anxious as I was. Now I know that the incidence of such occurrences is also a common part. The observations that I have made by attending wedding ceremonies for friends belonging to different religions and ethnicities has showed me that people in Britain respect cultural diversity. I saw my British friends dancing at my Indian friends wedding with a dancing instrument called the dandia. The next week I joined my Egyptian friends doing the eastern bhangra at my British friends wedding. A few of my friends took special lessons to learn how to play the bagpipes simply so they could play them at our Irish friend’s wedding; once they found out that he wanted to be close to his roots at his wedding. I now wait for a wedding card to come along so that I can attend a wedding ceremony. I think it is important to mention that marriages in Britain are not restricted across cultures and ethnicities. During my time in Britain, I have seen individuals belonging to varying ethnicities getting married. I believe that racism and prejudice is a thing of the past in Britain because judging from the variety in the marriages I have attended, people have become more tolerant and accepting than they ever were before. The fact that I have attended and observed over a dozen multi-ethnic marriages is proof of the fact that Britain has truly evolved into a modern day metropolitan region. It would be unfair to bring this paper to an end without stating that the degree of cultural diversity and the acceptance that Britain harbors towards cultural diversity is truly heartwarming. Reference List Hooper-Greenhill, E. (1999). The educational role of the museum. New York: Routledge. So How Can We Help You? Hundreds of students get our help with assignments every day. Just by paying a reasonable fee, they get work of extra-ordinary quality. So let us know what we can do for you. Reach us on Live Chat now.